Defect detection is a research area focused on developing technologies and methodologies for identifying and detecting defects or abnormalities in various systems, products, processes, or materials. This can include defects in manufacturing processes, software code, medical imaging, structural integrity, or any other system where the presence of defects could have negative consequences. The goal of defect detection research is to improve the quality and reliability of systems by identifying and addressing defects early on, before they can cause problems or failures. Various techniques such as machine learning, image processing, signal processing, and statistical analysis are often used in defect detection research.